Friday, December 27, 2019

Social Status And Social Class - 1188 Words

At some point in time, most people ponder on a question like: How long will I live? Will it be at a young age, or well into the 80’s? When will it be time to say goodbye? Some people don’t know what to do to live long luxurious lives, others may think they do, but don’t. Nowadays, people are living longer, and according to the American Psychological Association (2008): The United States is facing unprecedented increases in the older adult population. Americans age 65 and over comprise nearly 13 percent of the U.S. population, and their proportion is estimated to increase to 20 percent of the population in the next 25 years. As the percentage of older Americans rises, so does concern for their economic stability. The key to living a long enjoyable life is based on two factors: their social status and their social class. A social status is a person’s importance when it comes to other people. Social class is more directed towards ones finances or wealth. Armenakis (2015) states the importance of longevity pertaining to social factors are: â€Å"Education, income occupation, ethnicity race, religion, political affiliation, and geographic region.† The reasons one social class and status determine their length of life, can be viewed by the following 3 categories: Ones finances, one’s relationships, and how one treats themselves. Money is something that is always present, and one way or another a person needs money or something of equal value to be able to acquire itemsShow MoreRelatedThe Subjects Of Social Class And Status1445 Words   |  6 Pagessubjects of social class and status are major concerns in the lives of the characters in Jane Austen’s Emma. If one belie ves the Oxford English Dictionary definitions that consider social status to be [a] person’s standing or importance in relation to other people within a society, and social rank to mean [a] division of a society based on social and economic status, we can see that there is a definite difference in meaning that marks an important dichotomy in the novel. While social class is determinedRead MoreSocial Class And Status Groups1318 Words   |  6 PagesSocial class is a concept that has been interpreted countless times throughout history. The existence of social class and status groups has even been questioned and whether it is a positive or negative thing. This ethnography explores groups of class and how distinctions between individuals on a macro level can affect their micro level interactions in everyday life. The differences between individuals macro distribution would not have any effect if they were not illustrated in everyday micro levelRead MoreSocial Class : An Individu al s Status741 Words   |  3 PagesSocial class is an individual’s status based on his or her esteem and prestige acquired mainly through economic success and wealth. The status is compared against a pre-set hierarchy that determines to which class the individual belongs. Social class does matter as well. Social class determines everything about an individual. It determines what neighborhood and environment the individual grows up in, the types of school they attend, and what opportunities is open up for them. Social class also determinedRead MoreSocial Class As A Society Based On Social And Economic Status992 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay will explore the notion of social class and whether it is still relevant within today’s society. The Oxford Dictionary defines social class as ‘a division of a society based on social and economic status’ and is measurable in terms of stratification and inequality. Stratification suggests people are ranked hierarchi cally according to their attributes such as income, wealth, power, age, gender and status, whereas, inequality explains the difference between people in terms of their abilitiesRead MoreSocial Class As A Society Based On Social And Economic Status1554 Words   |  7 Pages Social class is a division of a society based on social and economic status. Why do we have social class in our societies? For what purpose does social class, even exist? From India, to the United States, many different societies have different social classes and systems. So why does social class and system differ from place to place? These are some essential questions that need to be answered. Amazingly, the Caste System in India has been around for thousands of years. The caste system placesRead MoreSocial Class As A Society Based On Social And Economic Status1101 Words   |  5 PagesSocial class is a division of a society based on social and economic status. Why do we have social class in our societies? For what purpose does social class, even exist? From the United States, to India, many different societies have different social classes and systems. So why does social class and system differ from place to place? These are some essential questions that need to be answered. Amazingly, the Caste System in India has been around for thousands of years. The caste system placesRead MoreSocial Class Status Of A Child s Parents Essay886 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand the impact of how social class makes a difference in family life, specifically the children lives. This book talks about how the social class will determine how children will use their cultivate skills in the future. Through her research, she finds the differences in the parenting styles of twelves families, which all the kids was in the third grade. While reading the book Lareau found that middle class parents practice concerted cultivation, and working class and poor parents practice accomplishmentRead MoreHow Chaucer Examines Class and Social Status in The Canterbury Tales690 Words   |  3 Pagesoccurrence. We recently talked about the Jerry Sandusky case, Discuss the ways in which Chaucer examines class and social status in The Canterbury Tales. The Canterbury Tales is absorbed in the minutiae of the three estates, or the distinctions between class and social status. In many ways, too, it seems to act as a parody on the various classes. The three estates are each divided into their specific class. There is the clergy (those who pray); the nobility (those who fight); and the commoner or peasantryRead MoreSocial Stratification in Manifesto of the Communist Party by Karl Marx and Max Webers Class, Status and Party474 Words   |  2 PagesSocial Stratification in Manifesto of the Communist Party by Karl Marx and Max Webers Class, Status and Party Social stratification is the ranking of members of society in a way that some of its members are regarded as superior and others as inferior. This theory is certainly debated in present time and was debated as far back as 1776 when Karl Marx presented his theory in his Manifesto of the Communist Party. In the 1880s, Max Weber combatted that document in his ownRead MoreSocial Class And Education : How Socioeconomic Status And Family Background Can Affect The Learning Outcomes Of Many Children1605 Words   |  7 Pages Chapter three on Social Class and Education discusses how socioeconomic status and family background can affect the learning outcomes of many children in school. Lois Weis points out that the students who are from low-income families are suffering educationally because they have no choice but to attend schools that are in poor areas and they tend receive a lower level of instruction (Weis, 2016). Students who fall under a category of middle to upper class can attend schools that are in better areas

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Wildlife Management in Africa Essay - 1683 Words

Wildlife Management in Africa In the past three decades, many of Africas wild animals have suffered a massive decline in population due to poaching. Africa is the worlds second largest continent and home to thousands of species of animals. Unlike in North America, most of these animals roam completely free in an almost totally undeveloped environment. In attempt to save these animals from possible extinction, anti-poaching laws have been enacted by governments throughout Africa, as well as an international ban on ivory trade. Anti-poaching regulations have in turn stemmed the formation of programs and policies for the management of Africas wildlife. Poaching: Background Poaching, the illegal killing of protected animals,†¦show more content†¦They imposed laws that forbad the killing of these animals, but offered no alternative for those whose livelihood came from the animals (Butler, Mar1995; 40). The programs that were implemented were enforcement programs: many with a policy of shoot to kill (poachers). For example, in 1984, Zimbabwe implemented Operation Stronghold, whose main policy was to shoot poachers on site. Kenya has similar policies in their game parks, in retaliation to the poachers poaching park rangers (Hogan, 13). This attempt to secure animal populations has often cut off the human population in the immediate area from a valuable source of both income and food. Wildlife and Rural Inhabitants Many rural communities depend on farming as livelihood. Only 5 percent of the land in Africa is considered suitable for intensive agriculture, which therefore makes farming difficult (Child, 1997). Wild animals, especially elephants, make it even more difficult to eek out a living on the African landscape because they like to eat the crops, devastating the farmers income. In order to avoid or reduce damage from elephants, farmers have tried various strategies to deter them. Especially during the harvest season, farmers expend a great deal of labor attempting to guard their fields from elephants. Different methods, such as lighting fires, beating drums, and even firing guns into the air are tried. However, farmers explain that elephants, with their greatShow MoreRelatedThe Poaching Of The Sub Saharan Africa1094 Words   |  5 Pagesin Sub-Saharan Africa and its Effects on the Locals and the Economy Introduction Topic: The poaching of animals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Thesis: The illegal activity of killing animals in Sub-Saharan Africa has caused many short and long terms affects for this continent. Importance: This is important because poaching has affected the local people, the environment, and the economy and will continue for future generations. Topic Sentence: Trafficking animals in Sub-Saharan Africa has greatly affectedRead MoreHunting : The Benefits Of Wildlife Conservation1237 Words   |  5 Pagesconservation of wildlife. Hunting is widely considered a crucial part of wildlife conservation. Hunting benefits wildlife by controlling the population, raising funds for wildlife conservation, and protect wildlife. In America, there are 15 million hunters annually (â€Å"Hunting conservation†1). Hunting is a common activity around the world. Hunting is performed for several reasons. Some hunt to provide food, while others hunt for enjoyment. Hunters are among the foremost supporters of wildlife conservationRead MoreWhy Hunters Should Not Hunting871 Words   |  4 Pagesmain source of wildlife conservation funding through their purchases of licenses, firearms and ammunition.† All the money that is generated from hunting licenses all go back to wildlife conversation annually they make up to 1.6 billion dollars. Hunters are the driving force when it comes to protecting the wildlife and conserving the environment. Jeff Vonk who is secretary of the South Dakota Department of Fish, Game and Parks and president of the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies has saidRead MoreHuman Wildlife Conflicts in Kenya1511 Words   |  7 PagesDurban, South Africa from September 8–17, 20 04, and was attended by approximately 3,000 protected area experts, practitioners, and decision makers. The 5th WPC brought human–wildlife conflict (HWC) to the global stage as part of an effort to address current challenges facing protected area management and conservation. The HWC recommendation was informed by a technical workshop that was part of the WPC proceedings. The workshop entitled â€Å"Creating Coexistence Between Humans and Wildlife: Global PerspectivesRead MoreFarming and Natural Resource Dynamics under Public-Private Partnership in Eastern Zambia1583 Words   |  6 Pages1.1. Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM): Opening Doors for Market-Oriented Approaches Over the past twenty years, CBNRM has been adopted as a panacea for achieving sustainable NRM and rural economic development in East and Southern Africa [13]. CBNRM was born out of the wisdom that most causes of rural resource degradation take place due to centralised governance systems that exclude local communities from accessing resources in protected areas [14]. Thus, Nyirenda et al. [15]Read MorePreserving Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park Essay examples1524 Words   |  7 Pagesunique natural formations provide shelter for a wide variety of animals, according to the report that was given to UNESCO. â€Å"According to the unep-wcmc.org site, the Manovo-Gounda St floris National Park is the biggest savanna park in west and central Africa. The parks land offers a wide variety of environments; The Park savannas cover around seventy percent of the park (CAR, 1992, unep-wcmc.org).† Species of major concern reported by Central African Republic, within the parkRead MoreMajor Environmental Issues Facing Zimbabwe Essay1717 Words   |  7 PagesMajor Environmental Issues facing Zimbabwe Zimbabwe is the second most industrialized country in SADC, after South Africa. Industries are concentrated around Harare, with ore smelters located close to the ore sources (principally along the Great Dyke). A combination of vehicle emissions, dust and smoke from domestic fires is a potential air quality concern in larger cities such as Harare. Water is not generally abundant, and the maintenance of water quality is a serious issue. Biodiversity preservation Read MoreThe Big Hunting Game By Ernest Hemingway And Theodore Roosevelt1372 Words   |  6 Pagesanimals, and this allowed him to have a fixed residence and hunting was no longer necessary, though not as much. Now, the hunt is no longer practiced for food, but for fun and sport, called Big Hunting. Captured and killed for trophies sport in Africa, the hunting of animals is a real business. The charm of the big game is never set; it is timeless. Past the period of the great explorations of the great Victorian and white hunters such as Ernest Hemingway and Theodore Roosevelt, the desire to huntRead MoreWhy Animals Can Not Fight For Animals1225 Words   |  5 PagesThough these people may be right, it does not change that animals have been a crucial part of humanization. Medical research and companies use animals in very extreme ways to help the human race; and big game hunters are killing animals in Western Africa to make space for more human civilization. Hunters have become a main donor to western Africa’s conservation fund to raise money for animals in the safari, and captive breeding is being done in zoos to save species of animals who are close to becomingRead MoreDeveloping an Action Plan for Central Kalhari Game Reserve961 Words   |  4 PagesKalahari Game Reserve (CKGR), which is a destination located in central part of Botswana according to (Department of Wildlife and Nature Parks 2014). Furthermore this park is the biggest nature park in Botswana and the 3rd in Africa with 52 800 square kilometres. The main source of economic drive is through the tourism sector through the niche of wildlife tourism (Department of Wildlife and Nature Parks 2014). This niche makes a revenue turnout of 833 085 (Botswana Institutes of Policy Development 2006)

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Project Management Design Life Cycle †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Project Management Design Life Cycle. Answer: Introduction A proper design lifecycle helps in developing a high quality system that meets the expectation of the customers. A planned approach in a project helps in timely completion of the project. The case study aims at development of an official e commerce website for XYZ Company as a plan to expand their business (Laudon 2013). The project implementation that is the development of website should be completed as soon as possible. The case study discusses in detail the approach or the method of the design life cycle that is used in the project, which is SDLC. The different phases of software development life cycle include requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment phase, operations and maintenance. The case study analyzes the importance and function of these phases in implementation of a project, which is in this case, is the development of an e commerce website (Highsmith 2013). Software/system Development life cycle (SDLC) is a systemic approach of project management that breaks down the entire project work into a number of phases for proper administration and execution of each phase. It is a framework that defines the different tasks that are performed in the entire lifecycle of software development. It is a methodology that improves the quality and overall development process of a software (Massey and Satao 2012). The different activities or phases of a software development life cycle are planned before the implementation of the project. The company XYZ is planning to develop a secure website to expand their business in field of e commerce. SDLC life cycle is chosen for this project in order to progress with the project in a strategic manner. The different phases of a system development life cycle consist of requirement analysis and feasibility study of the project, planning or the designing phase, implementation or execution phase, testing the system and its deployment followed by the maintenance phase (Alshamrani and Bahattab 2015). Requirement Analysis The requirement analysis of is an important phase of a project development. Considering this project, the different requirement analysis of the project includes detailed planning of the number of pages in the website, designing of database and linking it to the website, selecting an appropriate design of the website, setting up a copyright policy of the website. The company XYZ plans to develop a responsive design and an interactive website and therefore, proper research is necessary before implementing the project (Bassil 2012). This step of design lifecycle is very essential to determine the expected schedule and cost of a project. Apart from coding, one of the major aspects of a good website is its design and ease of usage. Another major part of requirement analysis is performing a detailed feasibility study of the project. The company has already laid a feasibility research. Market value analysis of the project declares the project is feasible to implement. Feasibility study ensures that a project is justifiable legally, technically and economically. Hence, this is considered as a major phase of a design life cycle. The economic feasibility is mostly considered in implementation of small projects such as development of website. The payback and cost benefit analysis is important to evaluate in order to estimate the payback period of the website (Balaji and Murugaiyan 2012). Designing phase is another major aspect of a design life cycle. In the project discussed, a proper design of the website has to be laid. Apart from coding of the website, selecting an appropriate design of the web pages making use of the CSS is required to make the website look attractive. The design of a website plays a vital role in increasing the traffic of the website. SDLC model of project development have a dedicated designing phase that plays a vital role in development of any project. The designing phase of the website development for XYZ Company consists of appointing a content writer who would identify and manage the contents that should be incorporated in the website. Furthermore, the design phase also deals with the designing of the user interface of the user. The company has planned to develop a responsive website; therefore, the design should be based on supporting the interactive feature of the e commerce website to be developed (Fuggetta Di Nitto 2014). The implementation phase is the third and most important phase of a SDLC model. This is an important phase of a design life cycle as the project team members work for developing the actual product or the software in this phase. SDLC is a non-iterative process and therefore, implementation phase follows the design phase of the project life cycle. In this particular project of developing a website, the implementation phase mainly deals with the coding of software. This phase can be further subdivided into two parts, one is designing of the front end of the website that is coding of the interface, while the other is coding of the database followed by linking the database with the website. Proper implementation of the database of the website is as important aspect of a website development. The website to be developed is an e commerce website and therefore ensuring a securing website is essential. The transaction details and the personal information of the customers that will be saved in the database should be properly encrypted to maintain the data confidentiality. This must be included in the coding phase of the software development. The implementation phase is considered as the most important phase of software development life cycle as it focuses on building the web according to the set design (Stark 2015). HTML language and CGI is used as basic coding language along with java script. Knowing the definite purpose and goal of a website is essential for proper implementation of a website. In the designing phase, the design of the website is laid according to the target audience. Furthermore, a set goal is important to evaluate how the website is going to perform or whether it has any scope of improvement in future. The knowledge about the target audience helps in designing and developing the appropriate content (Barnes and Hunt 2013). Implementation phase of the software development is followed by the testing phase in a design life cycle. The SDLC approach discussed in this case study also deals with an extensive testing phase of the software to unhide the bugs present in the system. The testing phase is one of the major aspects of a design life cycle as it helps in eliminating the bugs from the system. Software testing is generally required to point out the defects and errors that are made during the development phases of the project. Testing is furthermore important to ensure the quality of the product. Testing measures how effective, the performance of the software is and therefore, it is a crucial step of any design life cycle. This phase of SDLC allows the coders or the developers to check whether the code and the program working according to the set criteria (Lewis 2016). In this project, all types of functional testing have been carried put in order to unveil the bugs present in the system. These includes unit testing, integration testing and system testing includes the white box and black box testing. The code developed was needed to be tested against the requirements in order to ascertain whether the product is solving the needs that were gathered during the requirement analysis phase. This phase is followed by the testing phase and includes delivery of a finished product to the client. This phase of SDLC consist of beta testing that is required to identify the bugs that might be still present in the system. If any bug is caught in this phase, the engineering team is at once reported about the bug so that the issue can be fixed. Once the engineering team resolves the issues, the final deployment of the software can take place. The initial deployment phase of the software includes a project review by the project management team to know about the views of the customer (Model 2015). This phase of a design lifecycle model helps to enables the product to be used in real environment generally by the end users of the product. However, there are certain rules of the deployment phase that should be followed by the project team in order to ensure the appropriate deployment of the code and technology. One of the major phases of deployment is preparation and procedure phase wh ere the project teams should generally install the software and ensures proper installation. The project team members are responsible for proper installation of the software and instruct the users about the working of the software in the information technology environment (Sabale and Dani 2012). After the installation phase of the software, the project team members implement the code and the program to different systems in the location of deployment such as an organization. This is an extensive process since every computer of the organization should be deployed with the software developed. Another major functionality of the deployment phase of the software includes the client sign off phase or transferring the ownership to the business owner. This indicates that after the successful deployment of the software, the business owner will be responsible for the maintenance of the system (Mishra and Dubey 2013). In the project of development of an e commerce website for XYZ Company, the initial deployment phase includes launching the website for performing the beta testing. Once the beta testing is successfully completed and the identified bugs are removed, the final website launching is carried out. The successful launching of the website marks the end of the deployment phase of the SDLC model. In the end of the deployment phase, the project team members generally gather the customers feedback in order to improve the successive projects. With the end of the deployment phase, the project marks its end (Alshamrani and Bahattab 2015). However, in order to ensure proper functioning of the website, proper maintenance of the same is essential. Therefore, maintenance phase is a crucial phase of a design life cycle. Maintenance phase of the software comes into play once the system or the software is operational. This is generally done to implement certain changes in the system or the software for ensuring the smooth operation of the system. Furthermore, the system or software might require addition of new requirements that are generally evaluated in the maintenance phase (Stoica, Mircea and Ghilic-Micu 2013). After the successful deployment of the new website for XYZ Company, the operational bugs are identified in the maintenance phase. Maintenance phase deals with handling of the residual errors that can exist in a software even after a thorough testing phase. It is further used to monitor the performance of the system, rectifying the operational bugs present on the system and enhancing the performance of the system. Furthermore, this is crucial for linking the experiences of the customers with the organization. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be deduced that using a proper design life cycle is very essential for successful implementation of a project. This case study deals with the deployment of an e commerce website for XYZ Company following a proper design life cycle model, which is SDLC. The software development lifecycle model is a non-iterative process that plans the development of a system or a software in a systematic way. The case study discusses the different phases of the SDLC model and explains in brief how these phases were implemented for developing an e commerce website for XYZ Company. The software development life cycle model is used for this project, as it is a conceptual model that includes policies and procedures for proper implementation of the project. Testing phase is the most important phase of a design life cycle model as it unveils the bugs present in the system and also checks whether the system is developed according to the requirements. References Alshamrani, A. and Bahattab, A., 2015. A comparison between three SDLC models waterfall model, spiral model, and Incremental/Iterative model.International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI),12(1), p.106. Balaji, S. and Murugaiyan, M.S., 2012. Waterfall vs. V-Model vs. Agile: A comparative study on SDLC.International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management,2(1), pp.26-30. Barnes, S. and Hunt, B. eds., 2013.E-commerce and v-business. Routledge. Bassil, Y., 2012. A simulation model for the waterfall software development life cycle.arXiv preprint arXiv:1205.6904. Fuggetta, A. and Di Nitto, E., 2014, May. Software process. InProceedings of the on Future of Software Engineering(pp. 1-12). ACM. Highsmith, J. 2013.Adaptive software development: a collaborative approach to managing complex systems. Addison-Wesley. Laudon, K.C. and Traver, C.G., 2013.E-commerce. Pearson. Lewis, W.E., 2016.Software testing and continuous quality improvement. CRC press. Massey, V. and Satao, K.J., 2012. Comparing various SDLC models and the new proposed model on the basis of available methodology.International Journal,2(4). Mishra, A. and Dubey, D., 2013. A comparative study of different software development life cycle models in different scenarios.International Journal of Advance research in computer science and management studies. Model, W., 2015. Waterfall model.Luettavissa: https://www. waterfall-model. com/. Luettu,3. Sabale, R.G. and Dani, A.R., 2012. Comparative study of prototype model for software engineering with system development life cycle.IOSR Journal of Engineering,2(7), pp.21-24. Stark, J., 2015. Product lifecycle management. InProduct Lifecycle Management (Volume 1)(pp. 1-29). Springer International Publishing. Stoica, M., Mircea, M. and Ghilic-Micu, B., 2013. Software development: Agile vs. traditional.Informatica Economica,17(4), p.64.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Undaunted Courage Essay Example For Students

Undaunted Courage Essay NameProfessor American History 1301DateA Brief Look at Stephen E. Ambroses Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American WestUndaunted Courage is a very detailed account of what Ambrose considers the most important expedition in American history, Lewis and Clarks exploration of the west. Ambrose attempts to project Thomas Jeffersons vision of a country that stretches from sea to shining sea, of an open road to the west, of an Empire of Liberty. Ambrose repeatedly shows how important the expedition was to the United States and especially to Thomas Jefferson by giving examples of the powers given to Lewis by Jefferson in order to complete the expedition. Lewis is given a letter of credit signed by Thomas Jefferson authorizing him to draw on any agency of the U.S. government anywhere in the world, anything he wanted (Ambrose 95). He is also given the power to choose his own team including his co-leader William Clark whom he had served under in th e army and knew to be a tough woodsman accustomed to command (Ambrose 97). Ambrose focuses mainly on Meriwether Lewis, the leader of the expedition and Secretary to President Jefferson. He is very in-depth in his description of Lewiss character and his philosophies concerning slavery, Native Americans, and his general political beliefs. He gives detailed descriptions of the many new species of animals and plant life that are discovered, the Indian tribes they encountered, and the awe and wonderment they experienced with each new discovery. He also discusses at great length the many hardships that they experienced along the way including dealing with unfriendly Indians, crossing portages, surviving harsh winters, and the expeditions only casualty, the death of Sergeant Charles Floyd, a relative of Clark. Ambrose is a skilled writer and he relied heavily on the journals kept by the Corp of Discovery and his own vast knowledge of the subject to tell the story and be as historically acc urate as possible. One would think this combination would produce an epic tale impossible to put down. This was not the case for me. I found the book to be a chore to read. It seemed to be too wordy. He would give long detailed descriptions of conversations and events when a simpler one would do. I also believe it tended to read as a text book or journal rather than a novel. Every third paragraph begins with a date as if it were a diary or timeline. There was little continuity to the storyline. Once these flaws are recognized another becomes apparent, its incredible size. It is a voluminous text of almost five hundred pages! This is another example of how his attention to detail might have worked against him. The story could have been told in much fewer pages and reading the story might not have been so fatiguing. Another problem I had with the book is that he used the periods correct vernacular so any quotes or dialogue are in this flowery poetic style which does not lend itself to readability. At times, it was like reading Shakespeare. I think perhaps he spent too much effort relaying the events accurately and not enough developing the characters. I do not believe I am judging this book too harshly, for I have read many historical novels with which to compare it including Gods and Generals and The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara and the many books in Bernard Cornwells Richard Sharpe series. All of these books deal with historical events from the point of view of the actual people that were involved with them but, Undaunted Courage fails to capture the readers attention and entertain the way Shaaras and Cornwells novels do. Instead of eagerly anticipating what new exciting adventures lay in the next chapter, I found myself eagerly awaiting the end of the book. In all, I do not think I would recommend Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West to anyone who was not an insomniac. If reading the book does not put you to sleep, it is big enough to thump yourself on the head and knock yourself out. Works CitedAmbrose, Stephen. Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West. 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