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Government Control in movies Free Essay Example, 1750 words

The Horror of a Dystopian Society From Brave New World and 1984 to The Handmaid’s Tale, the twentieth century has produced a slew of horrific visions of the future. Dystopian movies or visual arts are meant to turn the optimistic visions of utopian movies on their heads, depicting societies in which the dream of an ideal society becomes a nightmare, often in ways that provide a satirical commentary on the real world society in which the movie was set (Booker, 2010, pg. 113). Dystopian movies have proved far more popular than utopian narratives, this is probably so because they present more opportunities for narrative generating conflicts, especially between the desires of specific individuals and the demands of the oppressive society that surrounds them. The category of dystopian films is closely related to that of post-apocalyptic film and dystopian societies often arise in the awake of natural or manmade disasters that have led to the destruction of the societies that came b efore them. However, dystopian societies can also arise as a natural consequence of the direct historical extension of certain flaws in the current-day society with no intervening catastrophe. Recent films with dystopia inclinations include Gattaca (1997), 1984, Fahrenheit 451, Equilibrium (2002), Minority Report (2002), Banlieue 13(District 13, 2004), Casshern (2004), V for Vendetta (2005), and Children of Men (2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Government Control in movies or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now These more recent dystopian movies have become particularly clear in the way their dystopian features are not predictions so much as satirical commentaries on the present world of consumer capitalism. This paper examines the genre of dystopia with a view to understanding its common traits, ideological valences and historical specificity. Although the term dystopia predated 1900, dystopia became recognized as a literature genre during the twentieth century and has not lost its hold on the society’s imagination, as evidenced by recent films such as The Island, V for Vendetta and Children of Men. Introduction A utopia is an imaginary society that dreams of a world in which the social, political and economic problems of the real present have been solved or at least in which effective mechanisms for the solutions to these problems are in place. A dystopia on the other hand, is an imagined world in which the dream has become a nightmare. It is also known as anti-utopias. Dystopias are often designed to critique the potential negative implications of certain forms of utopian thought.

When I Was In Middle School, My Ambition Was To Become

When I was in middle school, my ambition was to become a renowned author, like J. K. Rowling. Since that time, my academic focus has changed but my interest in story crafting and written reflection remains a part of my life. Creative fiction is where most of my writing ambitions lie. I enjoy the process of building fictitious world, characters, and scenarios, although, unfortunately, I have not yet found a story I am passionate enough about to turn into a long-term project. In high school and my first semester of college I have been exposed to more different styles of writing both through the given writing assignments and the books I have read. One of my biggest struggles when writing essays is making them compact, concise, and on topic.†¦show more content†¦In high school, I elected to take an extra English class junior year because I hoped to improve upon my writing and analysis skills from the previous years. My favorite class that year was my Shakespeare class. In that c lass, we read, acted out, wrote about, and watched productions of four Shakespeare plays. The class was very small and our final project was to mesh two of the plays together and perform the resulting one act. In general, the writing required for that class was not classical essay writing, but was creative based and focused on play script themes. Since this was a relatively new medium for me, it was a bit more of a challenge than writing a standard essay. It was, however, closely linked to my summer experience in middle school many years prior. Through my work in theater, as an actress in elementary and middle school and as a behind the scenes crew member in high school, I was familiar with scripts and how they convey plot and context almost exclusively through dialogue. The Shakespeare class and my other creative writing related classes in high school were pushed me out of my writing comfort zone while allowing me to think creatively. As anyone who has ever taken an English class knows, the backbone of most writing courses is a classical essay, with prescribed structures and a thesisShow MoreRelatedEssay on Educational Goals and Philosophy1072 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy Most individuals can recall when they were very young saying, â€Å"When I grow up, I want to be a . . . † For some people, over the course of growing up their ambitions changed several times. But for many, they ended up in a career which was a life long desire, goal, or ambition. Today, students must begin to think about their future on a more serious note than that of childhood during the latter part of their middle school years. This is during their eighth grade year usuallyRead MorePersonal Statement : My Mother Graduate With Her Masters From Liberty853 Words   |  4 PagesAmbition is something that I’ve thought about a lot for many years, but especially for the past few years. I saw my mother graduate with her masters from Liberty when I was in middle school, and I saw my brother gradate top 10% of his high school graduating class and get into William and Mary my freshman year of high school. I know what determination and hard work look like through them, and after I saw them accomplish so much it made me want to work harder. I’ve went through many career ideas fromRead MoreWhy Student Attends Secondary School937 Words   |  4 Pagesstudent attends secondary school has a large influence on whether they are able to proceed in higher education. I believe that this is a failing in our educational system, and I want to be a part of changing the injustices in our educational system. These ambitions have led me to believe that diversifying my knowledge of educational systems is imperative and I have chosen to study abroad in Regensburg, Germany in order to receive an international perspective on education. Due to my passion for educationRead MoreThe Universe : My Life966 Words   |  4 PagesGrowing up, my parents were young, they had me when they were only teenagers. They and my Grandparents made plans, till they felt like they could handle me, my Grandfather would be my caretaker. He and I would explore the world, he†™d teach me about plant species and animals, science and math. We would have outings to the Cascades, hike trails and learn about the wildlife that was roamed the areas. During summer nights we would stargaze and learn about the cosmos. We spent years collecting issuesRead MoreThe Universe : My Life961 Words   |  4 PagesGrowing up, my parents were young. They had me when they were only teenagers and made an arrangement with my grandparents. Until my parents felt like they could handle me, my grandfather would be my caretaker. He and I would explore the world, learning about plant species, animals, science, and math. We would have outings to the Cascades, hike trails, and learn about the wildlife roaming areas. Summer nights, we would stargaze and learn about the cosmos. We spent years collecting issues of â€Å"SecretsRead MoreThe Is An Old Proverb1372 Words   |  6 Pagesway to release stress. We may wonder if there is no hope for us to become successful. And we know that sighing is not useful, and the only way is that we must find a goal or dream in our lives. The reason why people feel confused and futureless is that they do not have clear aspirations, and they do not know what they live for. Without goals, they will only stay in the same place and never go ahead. Without ambitions, they will become lazy and resign themselves to fate. If we do not want opportunitiesRead MoreAll My Life, I Wanted to be a Dress Designer...and I am a Male548 Words   |  3 PagesDescribe his ambitions and the reactions of other people. Ever since I was five years old, I had wanted to be a dress-designer. I used to look at magazines such as Elle and Vogue in great awe. Most people clothes, I saw art and the passion of the designers poured onto the fabric. I started drawing my ideas for when I would grow up and have models wear the clothes I designed. One day I decided to show these designs to my parents. My mother was speechless and I assumed I had impressed her but my father frownedRead MoreThe First Year Of Middle School1463 Words   |  6 PagesThe first year of middle school was a year of transition into a new world. I would be going to a new school and enhance my life academically and on a social level. Looking back at that year isn’t so pleasant. My new self today, sucked in numerous amounts of life lessons that contradict the person I was in sixth grade. Sixth grade was all about fitting in for me. I just wanted to be part of a crowd and be known. I didn’t care about my academics at the moment. However, I was lucky enough to be educationallyRead MoreThe University Of Oregon School Of Law956 Words   |  4 PagesMarlen Pikovsky Personal Statement I am applying to the University of Oregon School of Law to compliment my experiences as an undergraduate and to take the next step on my path towards my professional goals. In order to become a successful legal professional in the field of international human rights, one needs to understand the intricate complexities of global communities. The University of Oregon School of Law will broaden my vantage point to encompass other legal realities of migration and humanRead MoreMoral Destruction by Unchecked Ambition1253 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, northwest of London. When Shakespeare was eighteen he married Anne Hathaway and had three children. The majority of Shakespeares life was not just spent in school but in the theatre world in London were he had found and started venturing into the writing profession by the early 1590s. Shakespeare was ambitious when it came to the theatre and always strived for success not only was he a play writer but as an actor. The duration of 1610 to 1613 it was said that

Analysis Of The Book Zechariah - 1101 Words

1. The author of this book is Zechariah. a. The first part of the book, chapters 1-8, is written between 520 and 518 B.C. b. The second part, chapters 9-14, aren’t given until after 480 B.C. 2. First Night Vision: Horsemen a. Zechariah had a vision of a man on a red horse by the myrtle trees. Behind him were red, sorrel, and white horses. They serve as a patrol for God to make sure everything is okay on earth. b. God is angry with the nations at ease, because they assisted in Judah’s and Jerusalem’s suffering. c. The Lord says His cities will overflow with prosperity again. 3. Second Night Vision: Four Horns and Craftsmen a. The horns that Zechariah saw represented the scattering of Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem. b. The craftsmen will come and terrify the lands that scattered these places. 4. Third Night Vision: Surveyor a. Zechariah sees a man measuring the width and length of Jerusalem. b. God declares that he will be the wall of fire around Jerusalem along with the glory within it. 5. Fourth Night Vision: High Priest and Branch a. Joshua, the high priest, stands before the Lord and Satan. Joshua is told that if he walks in the Lord’s ways, he will judge His house. b. The Lord says he is bringing forth his servant, the branch. 6. Fifth Night Vision: Gold Lampstand a. Zechariah has a vision of a lampstand, next to which there are two olive trees. i. The two olive trees represent the two anointed ones. b. Zerubbabel will rebuild the temple through the Lord’s Spirit. 7.Show MoreRelatedShould Probation Be A Criminal Offense?950 Words   |  4 Pagesservice since they are expected to broker community services and monitor their clients progress and activities in the community. The rules and regulations governing the conditions of probation, parole and conditional release, (referred to as the White Book, 2014) spell out the terms of the contract between the Missouri Board of Corrections and the sentencing court. The conditions of supervision are rules designed to assist the PO and the probationer an opportunity to work together amicably. It is theRead MoreDedication At Capella Universitys Dedication1133 Words   |  5 PagesDedication This book is dedicated to my husband, Zarak Johnson, who tolerated my barking when the pressure was on and catered to all of my whining. The need to live longer and push forward with this struggling and dedicated research while focusing on setting an example in life for my children, Shannon, Sebastian and my lovely grandchildren, Cayman, Andre, Tasia, SaMya, Elijah, Zechariah, and Shanna to follow is the primary goal for this achievement. Acknowledgments I would like to thank the researchersRead MoreThe Fulfillment of the Day of the Lord Essay5829 Words   |  24 Pagesscholar Shimon Bakon refutes that it is exactly the opposite: â€Å"There is no mention of the Day of the Lord in any of the early prophetic literature.† However, it is acknowledged that God punished his people for breaking the covenant specifically in the books of Genesis, Exodus, Numbers, Joshua and Judges. What Weiss is suggesting in his first assertion is that not only has the Day of the Lord already occurred, but that any future eschatological fulfillments of the Day of the Lord are â€Å"independent concepts†Read MoreWe Are A Catholic Heritage By Donald Dayton And American Apocalypse Essay1830 Words   |  8 PagesI am intrigued with them both and their very presence in many of our modern-day congregations, as well as the secular parts of our society. After visiting Grace Covenant Church of Austin, Texas, many of the attributes that have been em phasized in books such as Rediscovering an Evangelical Heritage by Donald Dayton and American Apocalypse by Matthew Sutton, I experienced while visiting Grace. â€Å"We are a church transformed by grace, connected through relationships and committed to service† is theirRead MoreWhat Evangelicalism And Fundamentalism Means Throughout History Essay1798 Words   |  8 Pageshistory, especially in our Western culture. I am intrigued with them both and their very presence in many of our modern-day congregations. After visiting Grace Covenant Church of Austin, Texas, much of the contributions that have been emphasized in books such as The American Evangelical Story by Douglas Sweeney and American Apocalypse by Matthew Sutton, I experienced while at Grace. â€Å"We are a church transformed by grace, connected through relationships and committed to service† is their mission statementRead MoreThe Gospel Of The Bible2155 Words   |  9 PagesThe Gospel according to Luke is the third of the four Gospels found in the New Testament. This Gospel is the longest, and was originally joined to the Acts, making a two volume book. Irenaeus, Tertullian and Jerome, are examples of individual witnesses who named the author of the third Gospel, St. Luke; a physician from Antioch, and fellow companion of St. Paul. It is also evident in the preface, when Luke uses the first pronoun saying, â€Å"I too decided to write an orderly account† (1:1-4). MostRead MoreWRSP 510 Book Review Paper5258 Words   |  22 PagesKurt Anderson Book Report WRSP 510 Biblical Foundations of Worship (On Line) Mathena, G., One Thing Needful. Chapter 1: One Thing Needful Summary: In Mathena’s insight into the story of Mary and Martha he observes, what I will call the three C’s, in Martha. This story illustrates Martha’s â€Å"commendable† act as she desires to serve Christ as she wanted this meal â€Å"to be her very best.† Her actions are also, â€Å"condemnable†, as her activity takes priority over her relationship with Christ. Lastly, thereRead MoreDevotio Moderna And Its Influence On The Ghent Altarpiece3599 Words   |  15 Pagesthroughout the past centuries ranging from considering it to be â€Å"a turning point, perhaps the turning point, in European history† (3) to having â€Å"little relevance outside local history† (4). Yet, as Devotio Moderna produced the second-most translated books in human history, the most important devotional work (aside from the Bible) in Catholic Christianity (Miola 285), and as Devotio Moderna was actively practiced for nearly two hundred years in the Lowlands, it is difficult for one not to be curiousRead MoreThe Concept of the Messiah within Judasim and the Development of the Messanic Tradition Within Christianity2508 Words   |  11 Pageswithin Christianity. Consideration will be given to Judaic thought on how this religion understands the concept of the Messiah. Defining how throughout history it shaped the foundation of this religion to distinguish its own individual identity. Analysis will focus on the abstraction of the Messiah and how Jewish believers interpret the coming of the Mashiach in connection with the prophecy of Isaiah. Discussing how eschatology is understood in this religion compared to Christianity, and how differentRead MoreJesus Christ And The Comin g Of The Spirit Essay5984 Words   |  24 Pagesunderstanding of this concept is critical to his theological interpretations of the Day of Pentecost and his view of the arrival of the Messianic Age. The Day of the Lord Prophecy Having authored both his Gospel account of Christ’s ministry as well as the book outlining the â€Å"Acts of the Apostles,† much can be gleaned concerning Luke’s knowledge of the Day of the Lord. Luke’s outlook of the second coming of Christ is recorded in his Gospel account (Luke 21:25-36). His notion would have been formed from

Essay about Gender Issues in Religion - 1633 Words

Gender Issues in Religion Amongst the world religions are many different attitudes towards gender issues and sexuality. A hundred years ago, or even a lot less, these different perspectives did not exist, as they were often considered unimportant, as King noted until recently little attention has been paid to gender differences and their impact on religious teaching and practice.[1] With some religions, their scriptures are considered to be infallible and therefore not to be questioned. So the question itself are religions sexist is a fairly new one. Some religions are thought of as being more sexist than others, but then there are also religions that that do not share the shame ideas†¦show more content†¦Women are still not allowed to be priests, despite the fact that there are many examples in the Bible of Jesus telling people through parables and other means that everyone is equal. Some Catholics just accept the fact that women cannot be priests in the Catholic Church, as this is the Popes orde rs and he is infallible. Nobody seems to dispute that the Pope must be male, firstly because Pope means father and maybe because they know that the idea of a woman becoming Pope is just too unlikely. However there are Catholics that exist who believe in the authority of the Pope but, are convinced that the Pope and his advisors in Romeare making a serious mistake by dismissing women as priests.[3] This website details the reasons for women not being accepted for ordination, but also reasons why this is wrong. Evidence is given that there were a few heretical sects in existence that allowed women to be priests, as well as passages written by various saints that do not condemn the idea of female ordination. It does not seem that the Vatican are going to change their minds on this subject anytime soon, so this is a valid example of a religion maintaining a sexist attitude even when there is opposition. Fortunately, not all of the Christian denominations have taken this stance. The Anglican Church has proved that they take the idea of equality seriously, as in 1992 TheShow MoreRelatedReligion And Religion Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesReligion is universal. Although people may have different ideologies and practices, everyone believes in something, whether they deem it their religion or not. In this way, religion is a powerful connection between all of humanity; thus, it is important to understand the people behind religion and how their unique characteristics correlates with and influences religion—whether that be their social class, ethnicity, gender, or politics. However, ethnicity and gender, along with the closely linkedRead MoreThe Work Of Maria Del Mar Alonso Almeida1390 Words   |  6 PagesThere are 3,418,059,380 women in the world (Geohive.com, 2015) and yet, women, in 2010, earned a staggering 19% lesser in wages across the world (Economist, 2011). Such wage differentials have been a cause of gender inequality and thereby segregation in the workforce across the globe. The staggering numbers of economic contributions of women compared to men has however, highlighted that there are fewer women to men ratios in the workforce due to the where we live, maternal implications (pregnancies)Read MoreLiving As Woman And A Muslim Essay1235 Words   |  5 Pages To further reiterate this concept, I will attempt to discuss how social issues surrounding my gender and my religion as a Muslim woman living in the United States have changed my sociological imagination and I how I was able to shift my perspective by thinking from a different point of view thus applying the C. Wright Mills’ concept of sociological imagination in my personal life. by making references to articles, â€Å"Gender as Structure† (Ferguson, 291) and â€Å"Muslims in America† (Ferguson, 519). IRead MoreA Literature Review of the Popular Opinion on Abortion1651 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Literature Review Popular Opinion on Abortion Abortion has long been a source of acrimonious and controversial debate. It touches upon key ethical, moral, philosophical, biological, and legal issues. Opinions about abortion tend to be rooted in fundamental personal values which are unlikely to change. Many people, especially Christians, regard abortion as murder. Such people oppose abortion in varying degrees, calling their position Pro-Life. Others regard abortion as an excruciating yet criticalRead MoreThe Social Of A Social Institution908 Words   |  4 PagesConnect structure to your social issue/topic: 1.) What social institutions are connected to your social issue/topic? My topic is gender roles in society the social institutions which influence to the stigmatization of gender are: Family: Throughout history women and men have been stigmatized into categories based on their biological sex. Parents from day one address their child based on their physical characteristics of either a male or female. Family has a great influence because they teach theirRead MoreMonotheistic religions, especially Judaism, Christianity, and Islam promote the belief in One God;1600 Words   |  7 PagesMonotheistic religions, especially Judaism, Christianity, and Islam promote the belief in One God; all that exists is because of God. Through prophets and scripture, God portrays moral goodness and truth. Essentially, these three religions believe that God speaks to us, unveils God’s Being, and seeks to guide us through life. In turn, humans should embody the moral goodness and excellence that is revealed to us by God. These religions are taught based upon both scripture and reason. When readingRead MoreInfluence of Religion1056 Words   |  5 PagesInfluence of Religion on Dev eloping Societies Linda Randolph HIS 103 World Civilizations 1 Instructor: Robert Solomon October 30, 2011 Before Jesus Christ, people in early civilization have been looking for the one who is going to bring hope, peace, and someone strong and not weak. Religion has had an effect on society, it will always be important in our life because of Christianity. Christianity and Islam are the two most popular religions. They areRead MoreEthics And Standards For Professional Psychology1264 Words   |  6 Pagesspirituality and religion in a therapeutic setting. This paper includes examples and information regarding upholding the Ethics Code while using religion and spiritual reasoning in psychology. It addresses the issues of a multi-faith setting, information and research on omitting religion and spirituality as well as the importance of maintaining a bias view of any and all religious and spiritual values. This paper also identifies the benefits reported when using Secular and Theistic therapy. Religion and SpiritualityRead MoreIssues Influencing The Society Today1610 Words   |  7 Pages There are numerous issues influencing the society today. In fact, it is quite shocking that they keep on increasing as time goes by. Moreover, most of these social issues are perpetuated through the people’s strive for superiority. For instance, racism keeps on escalating due to the fact that some races want to prove their dominance over the rest. Consequently, the parties involved in such scenarios end up being either the victim or perpetrator. Charlotte Perkins Gilman illustrates the state ofRead MoreCultural Practices Influence The Way We Perceive The World1682 Words   |  7 PagesA major issue that is affected by culture is sexuality. A subtopic of sexuality is, slut shaming. Slut shaming is, â€Å"the act of making any person feel guilty or inferior for certain sexual behaviors or desires that deviate from traditional or orthodox gender expectations,† (Your Dictionary). My outside source, â€Å"Teen girls’ sexual double standards and sexting: Gend ered value in digital image exchange,† explains the prominent gender inequalities and sexual double standards. However, the issue of culture

How Organizations Can Learn from Failure free essay sample

Even though there is a no precise definition for failure in organizations, there is a general agreement to what failure means and could lead to. Failure is broadly defined as a condition of not meeting the intended objective or end. Failure could result in the depletion of finance, shrinking market, exit from the market, loss of market share, project failure and loss of legitimacy. We can assume that failure has negative consequences even though the final outcome may be positive, with firms learning from failure. Understanding the need for learning from failure is unquestionable; however it is tough for organizations to put this into practice. It is crucial that organizations understand failure and think about it in the right way before they can go about implementing procedures to prevent such failures from happening in the future. Learning from failure involves understanding that failure is not always bad and that learning from failure is no straightforward task. An organization cannot simply reflect on what they did wrong and expect to not make the same mistakes again. Organizations have to understand about the different degrees of failure which occur on a scale ranging from blameworthy to praiseworthy. They fall into three broad categories which are 1, failures which occur in predictable operations which could be prevented. 2, unavoidable failures which occur in complex organizations which can be managed to prevent snowballing. 3, unwanted outcomes†¦. To learn from failure, we require different strategies for each setting. It is key to detect them early, analyze failures with depth, develop hypothesis, experiments and projects to product them. In order to minimize failure employees first have to feel safe to report these failures. In the article titled strategies for learning from failure the author Amy C. Edmondson talks about http://hbr. org/2011/04/strategies-for-learning-from-failure/ar/1 First the organization has to go about understanding failure in the right way as well as all the possible side†¦ Important for managers to think about failure in the right way. Failure is not always bad. It is sometimes bad and sometimes inevitable and sometimes good. Learning from failure is not a straightforward task. The attitudes and activities required to effectively detect and analyze failures are in short supply in most companies and the need for context-specific learning strategies is underappreciated.? Organizations need new and better ways to go beyond lessons which are superficial( procedures which weren’t followed) or self serving ( The market just wasn’t ready for our great new product) That means jettisoning old cultural beliefs and stereotypical notions. The blame game? A spectrum of reasons for failure? http://www. uk. sagepub. com/upm-data/10989_Chapter_9. pdf Failing to learn from failure reasons? -Simply experiencing a negative event is not sufficient for learning. Learning can be a complicated process, the acquisition of knowledge and the shifts in behavior must occur at all levels of a highly complex system. â€Å"Bazerman and Watkins (2004) contend that, when organizations fail to learn failures, they become susceptible to predictable surprises. What is the difference between predictable and unpredictable surprises? Predictable surprises occur when an organization leadership ignores or fails to understand clear evidence that a potentially devastating problem to occur. There are different sort of failures and not all failures are created equally. Bazerman and Watkins( 2004) identify four ways in which organizations fail to learn from failures that occur around them: Scanning Failures: failure to pay close attention to potential problems both inside and outside the organization; this failure could be due to arrogance, a lack of resources, or simple inattentions? Intergration failures: failure to understand how pieces of potentially complicated information fit together to provide lessons of how to avoid crises. 3. Incentive Failures: failure to provide sufficient rewards to people who report problems and take actions to avoid possible crises 4. Learning Failures: failure to draw important lessons from crises and preserve their memory in the organization Organizations who face these failures potentially could damage their organizational integrity. Eg Mitroff and Anagnos 2001, Managing Crises before they happen: what every manager needs to know about crisis management. 1982, Johnson and Johnson could respond to an external crisis with their product being linked to cyanide poisoning and thus the company responded quickly by pulling their stock of capsules from the shelves and having great PR work. J and J knew how to handle their PR well and their product managed to get back to the top seller. J and J however became a victim of its previous succ ess and had not done well with ‘Predictable surprises’ where crises occurred within the company. J and J had failed to do proper product scanning and had been a different sort of failure. failure of a different type? Failure of Success. Problem 1 and 4. Learning from failure: Sitkin 1996- Mittelstaedt (2005) Failure is an essential part of learning for many organizations. Failures, should not be hidden or avoided. Making mistakes is essential to success, a company which appears to be free from disruption may be operating unrealistically and from a uniformed perspective. â€Å"learning to identify mistakes analytically and timely is the difference between failure and success. † Too often employees and managers are unwilling to admit small failures for fear of reprisal. The unwillingness to recognize and embrace failure is also a failure to recognize and respond to potential crises. The longer these small crises build up the higher likelihood it could escalate into a major crisis. In successful organizations, failure creates recognition of risk and a motivation for change that would not exist otherwise. Describes this recognition as a â€Å"learning readiness† without failure, very difficult to produce in most organizations. Sitkin cautions that not all failures are equally effective in fostering good risk management. Organizations learn best from intelligent failures, which have these characteristics, result from planned actions, uncertain outcomes, modest in scale, and take place in domains that are familiar enough to permit effective learning. Organizations need to recognize risks by accepting and acting on failures. Learn the best when failure results from competent actions, not major crises. Still within the comfort zone and employees are eager and experienced enough to respond. These opportunities arise: Vicarious Learning – learning that occurs as a function of observing, retaining and replicating behavior observed in others. Organizations need not fail as an entity in order to learn. Successful organizations engage in vicarious learning in order to recognize risk, organizational leaders observe the failures or crises experienced by similar organizations and take action to avoid making the same mistakes. Examples of Vicarious Learning- Give!!! Organizational memory: Without learning from their own and other’s mistakes organizations stagnate and fail to respond to potential threats in an ever-changing world. Learning has no use if the knowledge is not retained. An example of failure in organizational memory is the Union carbide plant in Bhopal, India in 1984. Early in December morning, the plant leaked a deadly cloud of gas that settled over part of the sleeping city of a million residents. Within two hours 2000 of them were dead with thousands left injured? Part of the reason for the disaster was a loss in organizational memory. The plant had been slated for closure and many experienced staff had been transferred out, leaving minimal crew with little work experience, with the training for remaining crew at a minimum. The crisis was traced to staff reductions and oversight failures. Much of the blame for the tragedy rests with a rapid reduction in experienced staff that took with them a large share of organizational memory. Organizational memory comprises of, a) Acquiring knowledge, done by recognizing failures within the organization and by observing failures of similar organizations. b) Distributing knowledge is the key to organizational memory. Highly experienced employees will leave the organization and these people should be given an opportunity to share their knowledge around or those departing personnel will go along with their experience. ) Acting upon knowledge, is important for organizational memory to serve an organization. New employees need to learn from those departing ones.! New employees cannot do things their own way or else it will lead to repeat failures†¦.!!!! Employees have many opportunities to discard the hard-earned knowledge. Because organizational memory depends on exchanging information from one person to another perception change , mistreatment and stubbornness to learn can disrupt preserving organizational memory. Organizations need to learn and build from previous experiences. Unlearning: Effective organizational learning depends on an organizations ability to unlearn practices and policies that have become outdated by environmental changes. Example of Unlearning 1. Expanding Options: When organizations are unwilling to forego routine procedures during crisis or potential crisis situations, they lose the capacity to react to unique circumstances. Unlearning enables the organization to expand its options. 2. Contracting Options: In some cases, organizations may respond to a crisis with a strategy that has worked well in the past. In the current situation, however, the strategy from the past may actually make matters worse. In such cases, organizations must be willing to reject some strategies in favor of others. 3. Grafting: In the previous section, we discussed the need for organizations to hand down existing knowledge to new employees. If the socialization of new employees is so intense that they cannot bring new knowledge to the organization, however, the organization is doing itself a disservice. Although organizational memory is essential, some degree of unlearning Opportunity 1: Organizations should treat failure as an opportunity to recognize a potential crisis or to prevent a similar crisis in the future. Opportunity 2: Organizations can avoid crises by learning from the failures and crises of other organizations. Opportunity 3: Organizational training and planning should emphasize the preservation of previous learning in order to make organizational memory a priority. Opportunity 4: Organizations must be willing to unlearn outdated or ineffective procedures if they are to learn better crisis management strategies Bazerman, M. H. amp; Watkins, M. D. (2004). Predictable surprises: The disasters you should have seen coming and how to prevent them. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Huber, G. P. (1996). Organizational learning: The contributing processes and the literatures. In M. D. Cohen amp; L. S. Sproull (Eds. ), Organizational learning (pp. 124-162). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Mitroff, I. I. , amp; Anagnos, G. (2001). Managing crises bef ore they happen: What every executive and manager needs to know about crisis management. New York: AMACOM. Mittelstaedt, R. E. (2005). Will your next mistake be fatal? Avoiding the chain of mistakes that can destroy. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton. Sitkin, S. B. (1996). Learning through failure: The strategy of small losses. In M. D. Cohen amp; L. S. Sproull (Eds. ), Organizational learning (pp. 541-578). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Tompkins, P. K. (2005). Apollo, Challenger, Columbia: The decline of the space program. Los Angeles: Roxbury. Organizations who face these failures potentially could damage their organizational integrity. It is important for an organization to identify these failures and act on them while the company is still in operation. Having a crisis management team to prepare, respond and recover from a crisis is paramount in ensuring that the organization recovers and continues. Preparation must happen before a crisis occurs. In times of crisis, organizations need to systematically analyze its errors, acknowledge the errors and limits of the organization as well as address the issue with a level of sophistication. When an organization continually fails to differentiate and neglect crisis and failures it could lead to detrimental problems for the organization. Failure/ Crisis Management Case Study 1 A hypothetical example would be the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (BP oil spill) that occurred in the Gulf of Mexico from 20 April 2010 to 15 July 2010. The estimated 185 million barrels of oil first made landfall in Louisiana. By June 2010, the tar balls and oil mousse had reached the shores of Mississippi, Alabama and Florida. By August, it had smeared tourist beaches, washed onto the shorelines of sleepy coastal communities, oozed into the marshy bays that fishermen have worked for generations as well as killed millions of wildlife in the process. Instead of dealing with the failure in a professional way, BP inadvertently created a PR situation synonymous with herding cats. It’s had to fight to clear up two quagmires – its oil mess and its tarnished image. (Please Refer to Appendix- New York Times, Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill) In times of crisis or failure, it is important for an organization to understand the need for a comprehensive risk analysis. Should the failure be environmentally or socially threatening, impressions demonstrations of empathy and competence are vital. BP was not prepared to successfully deal with such a catastrophe. To minimize the damage, BP should have immediately accomplished five tasks: 1. Issue regular, frequent progress reports 2. Control the pictures (even some on the Web site appeared to be canned or generic) 3. Transparency 4. Display empathy as a concerned corporate entity comprised of authentic people diligently making a good-faith effort to solve the problem Failure/ Crisis Management Case Study 2 Failure, if properly attended to and rectified is a great plus. It gives the much needed confidence to the public, client or stakeholders in the product and organization. Furthermore, with proper management, the organization will be able to assess its capacity to deal with the systemic and circumstantial deficiencies leading to failures and work out a way forward. A great example would be the Johnson and Johnson Tylenol poisoning crisis in 1982. When the Tylenol scare occurred, Johnson and Johnson responded immediately and positively, taking the analgesic off the shelves, keeping the public apprised of the investigation, and their instituting new tamper-proof seals to make their product more secure. An organization needs to be upfront and out front with their communication about the situation and what they are doing to correct it and protect the public. The organization has to keep the public’s best interests at heart when communicating the issue effectively, clearly, accurately, and promptly upon discovering the problem. Having a crisis management plan in place before a crisis occurs puts an organization in a solid position to handle it more effectively and responsibly. Detecting failure, analyising failure, promoting experiementation? Deviance Inattention Lack of Ability Process Inadequacy Task Challenge Process Complexity Uncertainty Hypothesis Testing Exploratory Testing Blameworthy Praiseworthy Violating a prescribed practice or process by choice Straying away from specifications Does not possess the necessary qualifications or skills for the task Adhering to a prescribed but faulty or incomplete task Task too difficult to be executed reliably each time Process comprises of element breaks when encountering interactions Lack of clarity causes actions which seem reasonable but produces undesired results An experiment to prove and idea, fails Experiment to increase knowledge and understand possibilities leads to an unwanted result

Prostitution Synthesis Essay free essay sample

The U. S. ’s economy is a scapegoat for so many of its other problems these days. People are constantly attributing their own hardships as a direct result of the economy. Now what if there was a way that the economy could be improved? The majority of society would be open to anything if it helped this cause. However, what if the variable that could improve this economy was the legalization of prostitution? Would the potential economical benefits outweigh the immoral perceptions of prostitution? While it seems that all of society would agree on keeping prostitution an illegal profession, clearly there are a handful of people who strongly support the opposite. According to Dennis Hof, the owner of Moonlight Bunny Ranch (one of Nevada’s largest brothels), if other states were to legalize prostitution, the economy would reap immediate benefits due to taxation on the sex trade. He elaborates, â€Å"The federal government receives $6 billion a year now, off of liquor†¦ the prostitution industry in America is about an $18 billion business, and none of that money goes into the federal coffers or goes to pay taxes. We will write a custom essay sample on Prostitution Synthesis Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † Based off of those projections, the government would receive triple the amount of money or a thirty-three percent increase (Kennedy, 2012). Now take the Netherlands as an example. Prostitution is not only a legal practice in their country but it is also a booming part of the tourism trade making up to one hundred million dollars annually. It works like this. The majority of the cities in this European country have red-light districts. Miriam-Webster’s Dictionary defines a red-light district as â€Å"a part of an urban area where there is a concentration of prostitution and sex-oriented businesses, such as sex shops, strip clubs, and adult theatres. † To summarize, the women who work in these areas are, in essence, owning and controlling their very own business. It is not like the sex workers are walking around suburban neighborhoods catering to families; they are off in their own domain and will not be encountered unless someone approaches them. An argument could also be made that it improves the safety of the women because now they do not have to hide in vehicles and deserted street corners when they are working with a customer. Petter Holme (2012) discussed how women in the sex practice conduct their work in a â€Å"business† building so the chances of getting attacked are lower. The government then concludes the operation by verifying the health and safety of the women and collecting taxes from each red-light district. On the contrary, would the economical strides be beneficial enough to look past the possible deteriorating that the legalization of prostitution could have on society? Kamala Kempadoo (2012), the author of the book Trafficking and Prostitution Reconsidered, detailed that of the former prostitutes she interviewed, all of them agreed that their jobs could be classified as â€Å"paid slavery† and â€Å"voluntary rape. † She followed that up with some other grim statistics: seventy percent of them confirmed that they had been threatened with physical violence at least once and sixty percent of them had actually experienced an instance of physical assault (Kempadoo, 2012). Physical violence was not the extent of the trauma and damage though. According to Lyn Stankiewicz Murphy (2010), who writes in the Issues in Mental Health Nursing journal, 68 percent of the women who were involved in prostitution suffered from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder once they attempted to move on from their previous professions and put the past behind them. That statistic includes women from areas where prostitution is legal and where it is not legal too. Horrifically, that number is significantly higher that the percent of soldiers returning home from overseas (Stankiewicz Murphy, 2010). Martha Irvine (2013) of the Spartanburg Herald reported that the former Mayor of Amsterdam, Job Cohen, admitted that while the legalization of prostitution did help out economically it also led to a rapid increase in crime highlighted by the expansion of sex trafficking. Sex trafficking is defined as the sale or trade of humans for sex. Irvine revealed that following the legalization of prostitution an astronomical eighty percent of women involved in the business had been a part of trafficking. There is really no way to find out whether or not the legalization of prostitution would indeed be beneficial for the U. S. ’s economy without actually legalizing it. As one can infer from the previous paragraphs there are experts who believe that it would and there are those who have their doubts. It seems evident that it would without a doubt present some form of financial gain. The question remains though: would the economy be improved enough to justify the possible negative effects that prostitution could have on society?