Steps in a case study method Essay Example for Free

Steps in a case study method Essay All studies require that a research problem be identified and stated, and must be simple, concise, and in clear terms. Such problem will be the focus of a case study. IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM OF THE STUDY The General and specific objectives of the study must be categorically expressed. Such objectives will be the bases in conducting research activities. State the Objectives of the Study The research must identify his sources of data or information, how he is going to select his sources, what variables are to be included and excluded, and how these variables are to be selected  or determined. Determine the Sources of Data The researcher should identify the procedures of data gathering, the tools used in data gathering so that the researcher will be able to proceed smoothly with the research activities according to the time frame of the study. Determine the Procedures of Investigation After gathering the data, they are collated, arranged, and presented for easy analysis and interpretation. Collate, Analyze, and Interpret the Data 1. The researcher may select convenient cases, which are not typical for a case study. 2. The researcher may find difficulty  selecting the factors to be studied due to different environmental settings and sampling sizes. Limitations or Weaknesses of Case Study Method 3. Hypotheses cannot be tested due to small sampling size and limited number of variables. 4. Reliable and genuine data may not be obtained in some case studies due to limited primary sources. Experimental Methods of Research 1. To test the external validity of a laboratory ndings. 2. To improve conditions under which people live and work. Several Reasons For Conducting Experiments in a Natural Setting: Experiment also Involves†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Manipulation of One or More Variables which includes the: -Independent Variable -Dependent Variable Internal Validity -Reliabililty -Sensitivity -External Validity Characteristics of a Good Experiment -if the cause and e+ect is interpretable, that is by manipulating the independent variable, it can cause a change in dependent variable. Internal Validity An experiment is reliable if the obtained di+erence is likely to be found again and if the experiment is to be repeated. Reliability -an experiment is sensitive if such experiment is likely to detect the e+ect  of an independent variable even when that e+ect is a small one. Sensitivity -if the ndings can be generalized to individuals, settings,and conditions beyond the scope of the particular experiment. External Validity To provide empirical tests of hypotheses derived from theories. -experiments can be used to test the e+ectiveness of treatments and program. Purpose of Conducting Internship -Experimental Control -Random Assignment Two Conditions for an E$ective Experiment -Covariation -Time Order -Plausible Alternative Courses Three Conditions of Control:

The Meaning of the Phrase, Beating the Market Essay -- Beating the Mar

The Meaning of the Phrase, Beating the Market "Beating the market" is a difficult phrase to analyze. It can be used to refer to two different situations: 1. An investor, portfolio manager, fund, or other investment specialist produces a better return than the market average. The market average can be calculated in many ways (some of which are shady and used to make it look like someone has exceeded market returns), but usually a benchmark like the S&P 500 or the Dow Jones Industrial Average index is a good representation of the market average. If your returns (which you can learn how to calculate here) exceed the percentage return of the chosen benchmark, you have beaten the market - congrats! 2. A company's earnings, sales or some other valuation metric is superior to that of other companies in its industry. How do you know when this happens? Well, if a company beats the market by a large amount, the financial news sources are usually pretty good at telling you. However, if you want to find out for yourself, you need to break out your calculator and request some information from the companies you want to measure. Many financial magazines do this sort of thing regularly for you - they'll have a section with a title like "Industry Leaders." We don't suggest you depend on magazines for your investment picks, but these publications may be a good place to start when looking for companies to research. URL: http://www.thestreet.com/comment/openbook/1409370.html Dear Lou, Last Friday evening, you inducted John C. Bogle, the founder of Vanguard Funds, into the "Wall $treet Week with Louis Rukeyser Hall of Fame." You correctly credited Bogle with introducing "the first indexed mutual fund" at Vanguard in 1975. All too often, Bogle is credited too broadly with introducing the very first index fund. In reality, he was only the first to offer index funds directly to the general public in the form of mutual funds. The idea of the index fund was born in academia. Many great minds contributed to the concept, but first among them are Harry M. Markowitz, Merton Miller and William F. Sharpe, who shared the 1990 Nobel Prize in economics for this work. The first commercial index fund was introduced by Wells Fargo Bank in 1971, four years ahead of Vanguard, under the leadership of John McQuown. It was created for the Samsonite pension fund's investment ... ...e efficient. But some markets are more efficient than others. And in markets with substantial pockets of predictability, active investors can strive for outperformance. Peter Bernstein concludes that there is hope for active management: 'the efficient market is a state of nature dreamed up by theoreticians. Neat, elegant, even majestic, it has nothing to do with the real world of uncertainty in which you and I must make decisions every day we are alive.' Read on In print Andrew Lo, Market Efficiency: Stock Market Behavior in Theory and Practice, two volumes of the most important articles on the subject, including Eugene Fama's seminal 1970 review, Paul Samuelson's 1965 article and Fischer Black's 1986 article Andrew Lo and Craig Mackinlay, A Non-Random Walk Down Wall Street Burton Malkiel, A Random Walk Down Wall Street, a long-time bestseller, first published in 1973 and now in preparation for its seventh edition Online web.mit.edu/krugman/www - Paul Krugman's website www.ssrn.com - website of the Social Science Research Network, which features many important papers in investment, including Eugene Fama's 'Market Efficiency, Long-term Returns and Behavioral Finance'

Medicalization of Deviance

Today I will discuss the topic is about medicalization of deviance. Firstly, as the textbook defines medicalization of deviance: â€Å"the transformation of moral and legal deviance into a medical condition. † In this definition it includes two different parts moral and legal deviance, and medical condition. Our society provides a moral and legal standard for everyone live in this society. Society has enough power to judge someone is deviance or normal. Also the Criterion of Assessment is mandatory and determined.For example, if someone did bank robbery, he or she must be putted into prison by police. But in my opinion, the social judgment is not a perfect way to identify someone is normal or deviance because the real world has a clear hierarchy, the upper classes have more voice and decision-making power in this society. The judgment can also be said to be made in an unfair platform, such as a person do actions with an idea what is beyond the understanding of most people, and the society will label him or her as deviance. Medicalization gives us one more option.As Peter Conrad pointed out that medicalization makes the medical institution the dominant moral entrepreneur of our society. A sample example is Medicalization can try to best help some people are an addict of drugs, and the medical institution can use Professional skills to help these deviance people rovers. The clear distinction is that medicalization labels people as â€Å"ill† and treats these people as patient. In this aspect I think medicalization is a positive manner. On the other hand, C. Wright Mills is a sturdy supporter in society has a main effect on society issues.As he mentioned that we come to see how society affects us, we may support society as it is, or we may set out with others to change it. However, the pros and cons of medicalization bring a question which is how to define what is â€Å"normal†, what is â€Å"deviance†. An actual issue has appeared in à ¢â‚¬Å"juiced† athletes. Some athletes are users of performance enhancing drugs to help them exceed others in the professional sport. I think the additional help is a cheating action. The action makes this equal competition become unfair. Also such acts must be punished in order to prevent its spread.These â€Å"juiced† athletes are not subscribing to contemporary cultural norms and values because if audients and other pure athletes are leaded to this â€Å"juiced† Value-oriented, the game or sport will ever lose its worth. Overall, In fact many deviance people pretty need help to treat them into individual problem in the society. But these deviants should suffer punishment for their actions. In addition, each case is different and should be looked at differently as to whether punishment is required or not. Reference: John J, Macionis and Linda M, Gerber. 2008. Sixth Canadian Edition: Sociology. Toronto, CA: Pearson Education Canada Press. |

A Look at Todays Whaling Essay - 3413 Words

A Look at Todays Whaling â€Å" The story of the whale is so remarkable, that were there not so many witnesses, I would not venture to tell it, lest I be accused of exaggeration.† -J.D.B Stillman, aboard the ship Plymouth, November 1850 (Stewart, 1995) There is no doubt that humans have always been intrigued with the majestic beauty of the large giants found in all of the world’s oceans. Whales and people have had a long history together, marked by many turns of events. Long ago, native tribes, from many places in the world, depended largely on whales for protein in their diets. They were also able to use much of the whale for oil, thus began a tradition of whaling. The first documented whaling expedition occurred in South Korea†¦show more content†¦The Change in Whaling What exactly happened in the whaling industry that had such a detrimental effect on the whale populations? In the nineteenth century, commercial whalers began using whole fleets to hunt whales, with each ship given a specific role. The largest ship, found at the center of the fleet, was the factory ship. At the heart of these ships are many tanks. Christopher Ash worked as chief chemist on the factory ship Balaena, and in his book Whaler’s Eye, comments on the massive tanks found in these ships. â€Å"Balaena really is a tanker, and almost all of her hull†¦is subdivided into thirty-six tanks. It is rather like an egg crate with nine rows, each of four tanks extending across the ship, and each tank able to take some five hundred tons of fuel or Diesel oil, which will be replaced—after cleaning—by whale or sperm oil, or perhaps meat meal; sometimes they must be filled with sea water as ballast. These tanks are impressively large, being well over thirty feet deep; so that when standing on the bottom and looking up to the one small square of light far above, it is d ifficult to believe that we can produce enough oil to fill the whole of that volume in twenty hours (Ash, 1962, p.19).† Underneath the tanks is the bottom of the boat. Above the tanks is the tank deck. This holds the centrifuges used to separate oil and glue water, as well as driers and bagging machinesShow MoreRelatedEssay about Moby Dick By Herman Melville1692 Words   |  7 Pagesthe narrator. The book, however, focuses on Captain Ahab, the one-legged commander of the whaling ship Pequod. Ahab has sworn to kill the gigantic whale Moby Dick, who took away his leg. Starbuck is the first mate of the Pequod. Queequeg, Tashtego, and Daggoo are the three harpooners. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The story begins with Ishmael becoming restless. He decides to go out to sea on a whaling ship. 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